U.S. President Donald Trump signed an executive order enabling zero tariffs as early as Monday on more than 45 categories of imports from countries that strike reciprocal trade deals with Washington. The exemptions cover items that cannot be grown, mined or produced in the U.S., or are insufficient to meet domestic demand, and include multiple forms of nickel, gold (from powders and leaf to bullion), natural graphite, neodymium magnets and LEDs, as well as non‑patented pharmaceutical inputs such as lidocaine and diagnostic reagents. The order allows the U.S. Trade Representative, Commerce Department and Customs to waive tariffs on covered items without requiring a new executive order once a partner agrees to the framework, and is intended to align tariffs with commitments in existing pacts with allies including Japan and the EU. The move also removes certain previous exemptions, including for some plastics and polysilicon used in solar panels. The policy follows broader tariff increases imposed earlier this year under “reciprocal” and Section 232 national-security authorities and targets industrial metals and intermediate inputs among other categories. Tariff exemptions for qualifying partners’ goods are set to begin at 12:01 a.m. EDT on Monday.